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Peak Human is unfettered innovation. That value is based on our lifelong belief in continuous learning. Dr. Sanjeev Goel has spent decades acquiring knowledge from the front edge of medical innovation and now shares his insights with you.

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Food for thought

What Are the Effects of Psilocybin Therapy for Depression?

Overview Integrating science and spirituality is like mixing oil and water since these two subjects are generally thought to be on two immiscible, polar-opposite ends of a spectrum. Nonetheless, a growing number of scientists in the biohacking community are looking into a mysterious substance rooted deeply in the indigenous culture and has been used for spiritual, medicinal, and religious purposes for thousands of years – psilocybin. This article aims to review the latest findings on psilocybin, how it is effective as a treatment option for depression, and whether it will be available as a standard pharmaceutical in conjunction with traditional therapies in psychiatry. RELATED: The Rise of Psychedelic Medicine | What We Know So Far   What is Psilocybin Therapy? Understanding Psilocybin and Psilocybin Mushroom Psilocybin is a psychoactive and hallucinogenic compound derived from certain types of mushrooms, known as psilocybin mushrooms or often colloquially referred to as “magic mushrooms” or “shrooms.” Psilocybin mushrooms are a group of fungi that contain psilocybin. Some examples of psilocybin mushrooms include: Psilocybe cubensis (Stropharia cubensis) Psilocybe caerulescens (Landslide Mushroom) Psilocybe mexicana (Teonanacatl or Pajaritos) Psilocybe caerulipes (Blue Foot Mushroom) Psilocybe stuntzii (Blue Ringer Mushroom)   The History of Psilocybin Therapy Researchers first began studying psilocybin in the 1950s, particularly when chemist Albert Hofmann isolated psilocybin and identified it as the active compound in psychoactive mushrooms in 1958. Even then, psilocybin was a promising therapeutic drug for several mental health conditions. However, psilocybin was banned during the 1970s, resulting in tremendous difficulties among scientists continuing research on the substance. Psilocybin was then classified as a Schedule I substance, meaning the compound had a high potential for abuse and was forbidden from medical and clinical use. It was not until several decades later that Dr. Roland Griffiths from Johns Hopkins University restarted psilocybin research in 1999, allowing the once Schedule I substance to be reclassified and legally studied among healthy volunteers.     Psilocybin Therapy in Today’s Psychiatry Since the restart, the progress in psilocybin and psilocybin therapy research has been significant and promising enough to attract a wider group of scientists and potentially become a branch of mainstream science. Today, many psychiatrists, psychologists, and scientists consider psilocybin therapy a promising, near-standard treatment option to complement traditional therapies in treating mental health conditions. So, what exactly is psilocybin therapy? Psilocybin therapy, also known as “shroom therapy,” involves ingestion of psilocybin in a certain way, either through oral consumption, liquid administration, or fume inhalation. Psilocybin use induces psychological effects that are thought to contribute to the treatment of depression and provide a complementary strategy to conventional therapies. RELATED: Psychedelics Research and Psilocybin Therapy   How Does Psilocybin Therapy Work for Depression? After ingestion, psilocybin is rapidly metabolized to psilocin, the primary, active substance that causes psychological effects on the user. Psilocybin is therefore considered a “prodrug” (an inactive substance that can be converted into an active one) to psilocin. According to a study by the MDPI, some possible mechanisms of action by which psilocybin produces antidepressant effects include:   Psilocybin Deactivates or Normalizes the Hyperactivity of the Brain The medial prefrontal cortex frequently exhibits hyperactivity during depressive disorders. Psilocybin may work as an antidepressant by deactivating or normalizing the medial prefrontal cortex’s typical level of hyperactivity.   Psilocybin Modulates the Brain Regions Responsible for Emotion-processing Psilocybin’s antidepressant effects are mediated by its ability to modulate certain brain areas, particularly the amygdala. The amygdala, located deep within the brain’s temporal lobes, is responsible for sensory and emotional responses.   Psilocybin Interacts With or Alters the Default-mode Network (DMN) Another way psilocybin might exert its antidepressant properties is through interaction with or alteration of the default-mode network (DMN). For example, some of the regions of the brain involved in emotional thinking may negatively affect the DMN in depression, causing resting cognition to be taken over by negative feelings.   Psilocybin Increases Dopamine, a Neurotransmitter Responsible for Emotion Regulation The last possible mechanism may be the ability of psilocybin to increase dopamine, a neurotransmitter in charge of controlling emotions and even a person’s physical well-being. RELATED: 4 Genius Ways to Biohacking Your Brain   Evidence for Psilocybin Therapy as the Treatment of Depression Research by the Journal of Psychopharmacology According to a study on the effects of psilocybin on depression and anxiety in 51 cancer patients, high doses of the drug resulted in significant, positive changes in both clinician- and patient-rated indicators. These changes include reduced depressed mood and anxiety and the fear of death, as well as increases in optimism, quality of life, and life meaning. At the 6-month follow-up, these changes had persisted, with over 80% of subjects still displaying significant improvement in anxiety and depressive mood.   Research by Springer Psychopharmacology The efficacy of psilocybin therapy for depression is backed by another study, in which 20 patients with severe treatment-resistant depression were assigned to two oral doses of psilocybin. The study found that psilocybin treatment improved depression after six months, with no patients seeking conventional antidepressant treatment within five weeks of psilocybin. The study also implies that psilocybin may protect against depression to a comparable extent to the daily use of antidepressants.   Research by JAMA Psychiatry One of the most recent studies published in 2020 has also found that psilocybin-assisted therapy is effective among patients with major depressive disorder. Specifically, findings suggest that psilocybin can help treat the condition in 24 participants after two sessions.     Is Psilocybin Therapy Safe, Addictive, or Legal? Psilocybin Therapy Safety Psilocybin therapy is still in the infancy of experimental research, and the data collected from all the relevant trials remain insufficient to conclude if it is entirely safe. Still, research by The Lancet Medical Journal shows that mushrooms are surprisingly much less harmful than other recreational drugs and substances, like alcohol or tobacco.   However, the statistics above do not mean that psilocybin is risk-free. Initial trials on the substance have shown that users may experience some physical and mental side effects in case of abuse. As

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Weight Loss With Ozempic: What Is the Future of Treating Diabetes and Obesity?

Overview Diabetes and obesity, two of the most prevalent metabolic diseases, are associated with many severe complications. Although affected individuals know that weight loss of only 5-15% of their current body weight can improve their condition significantly, there remain many challenges in losing weight and maintaining sustainable weight loss. Given the rollout and increasingly widespread use of a promising anti-diabetes and obesity drug – Ozempic – the prospect of prompt, efficient, and sustainable therapy for diabetes and obesity is brighter and more encouraging than ever. This article informs you of everything you need to know about Ozempic, how Ozempic helps you lose weight, and the future of treating diabetes and obesity. RELATED: What is Metabolic Syndrome & What Are Its Risk Factors and Complications   What Is Ozempic? GLP-1: An Incretin That Decreases Blood Glucose Understanding GLP-1 Glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone produced and secreted primarily in the intestine and specific neurons in the central nervous system. Like any other hormone, GLP-1 secretion is only stimulated in response to a specific condition – in this case, food consumption. As an insulinotropic incretin, GLP-1 starts to produce its effects after eating, as it can decrease blood sugar levels by augmenting insulin release.   Insulin, Glucagon, and Metabolism The human body’s metabolism relies on two vital hormones – insulin and glucagon – to balance the blood glucose levels (glucose homeostasis) and prevent any irregularity, like hyperglycemia (too much blood glucose) or hypoglycemia (too little blood glucose). Typically, insulin and glucagon are secreted to an adequate degree in the pancreas by the pancreatic beta and alpha cells, respectively. These two peptide hormones, when acting normally, are like the equilibrium state of a scale: insulin lowers blood glucose, whereas glucagon raises it, and blood glucose remains constant within the average range. However, in some people, insulin cannot be released sufficiently or does not work as efficiently as expected, leading to the accumulation of blood sugar in the bloodstream. Such a build-up of sugar in the blood over time may result in irreversible damage to the blood vessels, nerves, eyes, kidneys, and many other body organs. Unfortunately, this systemic damage is a common problem and is widely known as another somewhat concerning term – diabetes.   The Rollout of Treatment Utilizing GLP-1 On this account, scientists are finding a way to increase the level of GLP-1 to normalize insulin in the body, preventing the build-up of blood sugar and the onset of diabetes. Among the potential pharmaceuticals that intervene in GLP-1, semaglutide, widely known as Ozempic, has surprised the scientific community due to its superiority.   Ozempic Acts as a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Ozempic is an anti-diabetes and obesity pharmaceutical that belongs to the GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) class. As a GLP-1 agonist, Ozempic mimics the actions of the endogenous GLP-1 hormone in the body to stimulate insulin release. This mechanism is why Ozempic and other GLP-1RAs are known as GLP-1 analogs or incretin mimetics. According to the American Diabetes Association, metformin remains the preferred first-line treatment option for treating type 2 diabetes. However, adding a GLP-1 agonist like Ozempic to the prescription should be considered in patients who cannot take metformin due to contraindication, intolerance, or disqualification. Recently, Ozempic has been recognized as a pharmaceutical for weight management due to its beneficial effects on weight loss and maintenance. So, like filling two needs with one deed, the “all-in-one” Ozempic represents an optimistic, up-and-coming measure for eliminating metabolic diseases and regaining optimal health for people.   How Does Ozempic Help You Lose Weight? According to a study by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, Ozempic for weight loss is associated with the following mechanisms:   Ozempic Delays Gastric Emptying Gastric emptying refers to the process in which the stomach empties and delivers digested food to the intestine. GLP-1RA treatment, of which Ozempic can be an example, can delay gastric emptying within the first hour after a meal (postprandial period). This delay in stomach activity means food remains longer in your stomach, and satiety lasts longer.   Ozempic Reduces Hunger and Appetite Ozempic and other GLP-1RAs have actions outside of the stomach as well. In the central nervous system, GLP-1 receptors rest in the hypothalamus, which regulates food intake. It has been found that the administration of a GLP-1RA resulted in reduced feelings of hunger in individuals with obesity. The effect was associated with the increased connectivity between the nucleus of the solitary tract and the hypothalamus. In addition, GLP-1RAs can access and intervene in specific brain areas responsible for appetite regulation.   Ozempic Increases Satiety and Prevents Overeating GLP-1 is a physiological factor affecting satiety as it is a neurotransmitter signaling satiety in the brain. In other words, GLP-1 signals us when we have consumed enough food and are satiated. In addition, GLP-1 directly stimulates specific neurons (POMC/CART) and indirectly inhibits some neuropeptides (NPY and AgRP) to increase measures of satiety.   Ozempic Lowers Preference for Energy-dense Foods Ozempic and other GLP-1RAs can reduce preference for energy-dense foods, like fatty foods. We all know that the more energy we consume, the more carbs are metabolized into glucose, and the more likely sugar accumulates in the bloodstream. For this reason, Ozempic should be for patients who find it difficult to abstain from fatty foods.   Evidence for Ozempic as the Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity Ozempic for Diabetes According to the Journal of Pharmacy Technology, Ozempic (semaglutide) was under experimentation in multiple clinical trials, all of which showed superior efficacy compared to other anti-diabetes pharmaceuticals. Specifically, in 9 SUSTAIN trials that used low doses of semaglutide (0.5 and 1.0 mg), the HbA1c levels (hemoglobin A1c; a measurement for average blood glucose, with 4-5.6% being the normal range) were reduced significantly. Those participants with HbA1c exceeding the normal range at over 8% saw a reduction scores from -1.1 to -1.9% after 30 weeks of 0.5 mg semaglutide. On the other hand, 1.0 mg semaglutide resulted in up to -2.2% reduction in HbA1c within a similar

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What Causes Palmar Erythema and What Does It Mean for Your Health

Overview Palmar erythema is an often overlooked skin condition as reddening of the skin may occur on several occasions due to various reasons. However, except for palmar erythema that results from specific genetics, the abnormal redness is a cutaneous sign of some underlying causes, like diseases, medications’ side effects, or environmental factors. RELATED: 5 Genius Ways to Restore Gut Health   What is Palmar Erythema? Palmar erythema (also known as Lane’s disease) is a rare, benign skin condition in which non-painful redness appears on the surface of the palm and fingers. Some parts of the palm that are most likely affected by palmar erythema include: Thenar (the rounded, fleshy part at the base of the thumb) Hypothenar (the fleshy part that extends from the bottom of the little finger to the wrist) Distal palmar (the fleshy part between the base of the fingers and the upper palmar crease) Fingertips   Notably, the back of the hand (dorsal surface of the hand) is also affected by palmar erythema, although the probability is very rare. The reddening is due to various reasons, yet anatomically it is due to the increased dilation of the capillaries under the hand. Palmar erythema is not an allergic reaction, so the affected areas should not be itchy (pruritic). The redness of the palm may appear differently from time to time since the degree of redness varies depending on: Emotional states Position of the hand Temperature Pressure on the palm The severity of the underlying cause   What Are the Symptoms of Palmar Erythema? The symptoms of palmar erythema include: Symmetrical/bilateral reddening of both hands Non-painful reddening Non-itchy reddening Non-inflammatory reddening Non-allergic reddening The slightly warm sensation in the affected areas   What Causes Palmar Erythema? The skin condition can be divided into primary and secondary palmar erythema.   Primary Palmar Erythema Primary palmar erythema is considered entirely normal for individuals with a genetic predisposition to the condition (those who inherit it from parents) or those undergoing pregnancy. In genetically predisposed people, redness in the palms can develop at birth or later in life and last for the rest of their life. In pregnant women, palmar erythema is regular with certain skin types, accounting for 30-70%. It is thought that palmar erythema in pregnant women is associated with the amount of circulating estrogen in the blood.   Secondary Palmar Erythema Secondary palmar erythema can be a cutaneous marker of an underlying medical condition, medications’ side effects, or environmental factors.   Underlying Medical Condition Liver diseases such as cirrhosis (23% probability of developing palmar erythema), Wilson’s disease, or hemochromatosis Thyrotoxicosis (too much thyroid hormone in the body; 18% probability of developing palmar erythema) Autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (>60% probability of developing palmar erythema) Diabetes (4% probability of developing palmar erythema) Alcoholic fatty liver (82% probability of developing palmar erythema) Sarcoidosis (growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells in any part of the body; very unusual) Congenital syphilis Kawasaki disease Certain infections   Unlike primary palmar erythema, secondary palmar erythema indicates a disorder co-occurring inside the body. Therefore, raising awareness of the condition, making a diagnosis, and implementing proper treatment is necessary.   Certain Medications Topiramate and salbutamol (albuterol) with normal liver function Amiodarone, cholestyramine, and gemfibrozil with hepatic (liver) damage   Environmental Factors Smoking Chronic mercury poisoning   RELATED: 10 Warning Signs Your Liver is Struggling & What You Can Do About It   How is Palmar Erythema Diagnosed? The diagnosis of palmar erythema involves: Physical examination (skin, liver, thyroid, blood) Family history investigation Inspection of the onset of the condition MRT or CT scans for tumor detection   How to Treat Palmar Erythema Primary Palmar Erythema Treatment As mentioned above, primary palmar erythema is a normal skin condition for those who inherit it or those women who are pregnant, so treatment is not mandatory. In addition, primary palmar erythema does not cause discomforts like pain or itchiness. On this account, people with primary palmar erythema are advised to live with the condition.   Secondary Palmar Erythema Treatment Treating secondary palmar erythema involves identifying the underlying disorder, followed by treatment of the underlying condition. If certain medications are the cause, patients are advised to discontinue the prescription if possible. Cessation from smoking and avoidance of infections or poisoning may also help.   Recent Findings in Palmar Erythema Causes Palmar Erythema May Be a Sign of Cancer According to a report by the Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, palmar erythema was seen in an 83-year-old liver cancer patient. Specifically, the patient had a metastatic hepatic tumor, an average estrogen level, and an increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level. This data suggests that the abnormal and excessive growth of tissue due to the tumor promoted the development of palmar erythema. This finding is consistent with another study on brain cancer mentioned in the report. Palmar erythema was seen in 25% of patients with abnormal and excessive tissue growth due to brain tumors. Additionally, the intensity of palmar erythema correlated with the degree of dilation of the cutaneous vessels in the patient’s tumors.   Palmar Erythema May Occur Due to Excessive Use of Hand Sanitizer As the COVID-19 pandemic and other infectious diseases continue to rampage in many countries, people are implementing different strategies to limit the spread of viral infections. Using hand sanitizer is one method that keeps our hands safe from germs and viruses and, most importantly, reduces the risks of carrying pathogenic factors. However, utilizing an excessive amount of sanitizer for a prolonged time may become a suboptimal, rather unhealthy, solution for those predisposed to skin diseases or, in this case, palmar erythema. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), a cutaneous manifestation similar to palmar erythema was present in a 3-year-old toddler who had used hand sanitizer frequently for two weeks. Although the case did not undergo extensive investigation, discontinuing the sanitizer successfully and wholly reversed the condition.   Palmar Erythema May Be a Manifestation of COVID-19 Palmar Erythema as One

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5 Benefits of High-intensity Interval Training

There is a common belief among people passionate about fitness that sustained exercise at an adequate level is the best type of physical activity. However, research has shown that exercising at high intensity over a short time offers several health benefits that may even make it superior to the traditional methods. Read on to learn more about the benefits of high-intensity interval training, or HIIT. RELATED: 8 Muscle Recovery Supplements You Should Take After Working Out   Burn More Calories in Shorter Time – Learn 5 Excellent Science-based HIIT Benefits HIIT is a workout method that involves alternating quick bursts of intense exercise (over 80 percent of a person’s maximum heart rate) and recovery periods (around 50 percent of maximum heart rate). Typically, a HIIT workout lasts under 30 minutes with a 2:1 ratio of recovery to work. The objective of HIIT is to gain maximal health benefits in minimal time, hence considered the most time-efficient method. The activities in HIIT include sprinting, swimming, biking, and stair climbing. For example, a HIIT workout focusing on sprinting may consist of 10 seconds of running in maximum effort and 20 seconds of slow-paced jogging for recovery. This can count as one round of HIIT. A person can typically do 8 to 12 reps in one exercise for 8 to 10 different exercises that target the major muscle groups.   HIIT Can Burn More Calories in Shorter Time Due to the high intensity over a short time, HIIT can burn more calories within the same amount of time compared to the traditional methods. According to research, HIIT workouts provide similar fitness benefits as continuous workouts with lower intensity. HIIT workouts can burn a significant amount of calories, especially during the resting period after the training, known as the post-exercise period. The post-exercise period is characterized by increased “EPOC,” or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. This refers to the 2 hours after an exercise session where the body rehabilitates to return to its pre-exercise levels. Due to the high intensity that requires repeated quick movement, the EPOC after HIIT workouts tends to be greater, burning up to 15 percent more calories to add to the overall energy expenditure.   HIIT Can Reduce Abdominal Fat and Body Weight Another benefit of high-intensity interval training is that it can trigger fat loss at the same efficiency as traditional longer-duration exercise, even in a shorter time frame. According to a 12-week study, HIIT can reduce the same amount of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat compared to training with less intensity. At the end of the study, participants in both exercise regimes reduced 10 percent of fat mass across all body compositions. However, the study suggests that the mechanisms by which each regime reduces fat are different; HIIT may not primarily burn fat during the workout session but rather during post-exercise periods. This is consistent with the increase in energy expenditure due to greater EPOC, as mentioned above, as the body uses more energy while restoring itself. In addition, the reduction in whole-body fat mass can be translated to a decrease in body weight and waist circumference.   HIIT Can Support Muscle Growth In addition to reducing fat, HIIT can help with muscle growth. According to a 4-week study on 24 professional hockey players, muscle thickness was significantly greater in the participants following a HIIT program than other participants who followed a different program. The findings indicate that hockey players may benefit from the positive effects in muscle thickness, power, and performance through HIIT. Furthermore, many fitness enthusiasts may be excited to learn that HIIT is beneficial in supporting muscle growth even among non-professionals. Specifically, a 3-week study on muscle size and quality in people with weight-related problems showed that HIIT could effectively increase muscle size in overweight and obese individuals. Interestingly, increases in muscle size are more likely to occur in people with a sedentary lifestyle. RELATED: What Is Mitochondrial Dysfunction? Everything You Need to Know   HIIT Can Enhance Cardiovascular Health One more important benefit of high-intensity interval training is that this method can improve cardiovascular health. It is widely known that the cardiovascular system is crucial to the body’s overall health, and one efficient approach to enhancing it is to engage in long-term exercise. But, can HIIT offer equally beneficial effects on cardiovascular health compared to other methods, and are the heart, veins, and arteries able to grow stronger in a shorter time? According to a review, HIIT is more effective at enhancing artery vascular function than training with less intensity. The review suggests that implementing HIIT three times per week for at least 12 weeks is optimal for improving vascular function. Another 12-week study has found that HIIT is more efficient at enhancing flow-mediated dilation and decreasing aortic pulse wave velocity, leading to improved cardiovascular health in physically inactive adults.   HIIT Can Improve Blood Sugar and Insulin Sensitivity HIIT can not only provide the benefits seen in longer-duration exercise in a much shorter time but can also provide some unique health benefits. Research has shown that HIIT can reduce insulin resistance, leading to improved insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity refers to how sensitive the body is to insulin activity. High insulin sensitivity allows more effective use of blood glucose, preventing diabetes. Individuals susceptible to or already have type 2 diabetes may also reduce fasting glucose through HIIT. Nevertheless, since HIIT requires high-intensity exercise that may cause injury, cautions need to be taken before starting this method. Since not all workout programs are suitable for everyone, the key to implementing HIIT safely is to adjust the intensity of the workout to an individualized level. People who are physically inactive or lead a sedentary lifestyle may have an increased chance of injury due to the high intensity. For that reason, following medical guidance from a physician may be necessary for anyone before starting HIIT. High-intensity interval training is becoming more popular since various sports, and recreational activities require quick bursts of high-intensity movement. People who wish

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Rheumatoid Arthritis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

As we become older, our bodies may begin to experience some unpleasant symptoms that could indicate an underlying condition. Feelings of pain or stiffness in the fingers are often the signs of a chronic disease known as rheumatoid arthritis. This article reviews rheumatoid arthritis to help you understand thoroughly about the condition. RELATED: 8 Muscle Recovery Supplements You Should Take After Working Out   Learn About Rheumatoid Arthritis to Increase Your Chance of Remission The day you or someone you care about is diagnosed with a chronic illness is a day that no one will ever expect to come. Anyone in such a situation will be worried and sometimes have feelings of depression. The most important thing to do is understand the disease thoroughly and effectively take action against it.   What Is Rheumatoid Arthritis? Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the inflammation of the joints, causing a painful swelling that can eventually result in joint deformity and even bone erosion. Although the disease may occur at any age, it is most commonly reported among middle-aged people between 30 and 50. Severe rheumatoid arthritis can lead to physical disabilities if left untreated.   What Causes Rheumatoid Arthritis? A healthy immune system plays a vital role in fighting against the cells that are recognized as foreign while protecting other healthy cells. It typically helps protect the body from infection and disease by removing infected or damaged cells. In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system cannot recognize the infected cells that need to get rid of and mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the joints. The reason why the immune system fails to function correctly and leads to an autoimmune disease is not fully understood. However, many researchers support the hypothesis that genetics can be a risk factor. While genes do not directly cause rheumatoid arthritis, they can make the body susceptible to environmental factors, such as infection or exposure to smoking, that may subsequently trigger the disease.   What Are the Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis? Patients with rheumatoid arthritis might experience a repeated alternation between periods in which symptoms worsen, known as flares, and periods in which the swelling and pain fade or disappear, known as remission. Rheumatoid arthritis symptoms may include: Painful, warm, swollen joints Joint stiffness and discomfort Joint deformity Fatigue Mild fever Unexplained weight loss   Joint stiffness is commonly reported to exacerbate in the morning due to inactivity during night sleep. It may last anywhere between one to two hours or even the whole day, yet this symptom tends to improve after gentle movement of the joints. It is essential to know that stiffness over a long time in the morning is the most accurate indicator for rheumatoid arthritis, as this symptom is not common in other conditions. At an early stage, rheumatoid arthritis can cause pain and stiffness to the smaller joints in the fingers or the toes. However, symptoms often spread to the shoulders, elbows, wrists, hips, knees, and ankles as the disease progresses. In many cases, symptoms become more severe and occur in the same joints on both sides of the body, meaning that pain and stiffness in one hand will also appear in the other hand.   How Is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed? Since there is no single test to detect rheumatoid arthritis accurately, comprehensive diagnosis requires several different procedures, including: Reviewing symptoms Examining the joints and organs Conducting a physical examination Examining blood test results Doing X-rays or ultrasound imaging   Since the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis can often come and go, it is crucial to diagnose and detect the disease early within the first six months from the onset to enact prompt and efficient treatment. RELATED: 3 Significant Benefits of Boosting Your Immune System   Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment The objective of rheumatoid arthritis treatment is to suppress or control inflammation in the joints, reducing the damaging effects that may exacerbate the condition. The disease can be effectively treated and managed with certain medications and self-management strategies.   Medications Medications for rheumatoid arthritis, known as disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), help slow down the progress of the disease and prevent joint deformity. Doctors often prescribe DMARDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and low-dose corticosteroids to alleviate swelling and pain. Methotrexate is the most widely prescribed DMARD since it is effective while being inexpensive and generally safe. In many cases in which the patients have more severe symptoms, doctors will also prescribe medications called biologic response modifiers to reduce the activity of the immune system that leads to inflammation and joint damage. Individuals with possible rheumatoid arthritis are advised to seek medical attention and start medications as soon as possible to prevent long-term and irreversible damage.   Self-management Strategies For rheumatoid arthritis, the most efficient treatment requires more than just medicines. Therefore, besides medications, several low-cost and simple self-management strategies have also been proven to accelerate the recovery and increase the quality of life, including: Getting adequate gentle and low-impact exercises, such as walking or stretching Joining a specialized self-management education program Giving up smoking Maintaining a healthy weight   Although no single treatment can eliminate rheumatoid arthritis, an optimal approach to curing the disease is still under investigation. Current treatment options can at least stop or slow down the disease’s progression while allowing the patients to keep functioning at normal levels.   If you have questions about rheumatoid arthritis or any health problems discussed here, connect with us and learn more. At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, improving your overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. UP NEXT: Can Spermidine Help Slow Down Aging? 5 Proven Ways to Aid Telomere Shortening for Overall Health &

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Is It Possible to Prevent Bone Loss? Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

As we age, many of our organs experience a natural decline that results in impairment. Bones are among the body parts that deteriorate over time despite their strength in youth. This article reviews bone loss, its causes, symptoms, treatment, and finds out if it is possible to prevent it. RELATED: What Is TA-65 and How Does It Affect Aging?   Learn How to Maintain Healthy Bones by Preventing Bone Loss Bones make up the skeleton and provide a framework to support the body. Although they are the most rigid organ in the human body, there is often progressive loss of bones as we get older.   What Is Bone Loss? Bone loss is a condition that occurs when the natural formation of new bone fails to outpace bone breakdown, leading to weak and brittle bones. Simply put, bone loss occurs if an old bone is broken down faster than a new bone is formed. The inability of bone formation to outpace bone breakdown is attributed to many factors, but primarily to aging. Bone renewal is always in the process naturally. Old bone mass is broken down and resorbed to be replaced by new bone mass. Bones contain cells involved in the bone renewal process at the cellular level. While the osteoclasts break down old bone tissues, other cells, called osteoblasts, make new bone tissues. Bone loss can lead to low bone density, weakness, and eventually osteoporosis, a disease characterized by the extreme fragility of bone. Osteoporosis causes the bones to be so fragile that even a minor force such as coughing can result in fractures. Without treatment, osteoporosis can progress silently without symptoms until a bone breaks.   What Causes Bone Loss? Aging Age-related bone loss, also known as senile bone loss, is the most common type of this condition. During childhood, the formation of bone starts and continues until the body reaches the peak bone mass around age 30, during which efficient bone formation gives strength and high density to the bones. However, after that, bone breakdown slowly begins to outpace bone formation, leading to bone loss. This happens because the bone-making osteoblasts no longer function as efficiently as they did, as seen in healthy bodies. At the same time, the bone-removing osteoclasts keep breaking down more bones. Like age-related bone loss, postmenopausal bone loss occurs after menopause or after age 45. Women at this stage experience bone loss at an accelerated pace due to the reduced estrogen levels. This hormone maintains the quantity and activity of the osteoblasts. As a result, low estrogen levels increase bone breakdown and resorption.   Lack of Physical Activity Since physical exertion during exercise helps bones grow stronger and denser, a lifestyle that does not incorporate adequate physical activity might gradually cause bones to become weaker. Consequently, people who have a sedentary lifestyle are more likely to suffer from bone loss and develop osteoporosis at an earlier age.   Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Dietary Calcium Intakes Healthy bones require sufficient calcium to maintain their strength and density during bone renewal. A low calcium intake leads to reduced bone density, early onset of bone loss, and a higher risk of fractures. Vitamin D allows calcium to be more readily absorbed in the gut, promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Vitamin D deficiency prevents calcium from being absorbed even if there is an adequate calcium intake.   Certain Medications Some medicines, such as corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis treatment, can cause bone loss or accelerate the initiation of osteoporosis if taken in a prolonged period. In addition, long-term use of anti-estrogen drugs for breast cancer treatment can also lead to increased bone breakdown and, ultimately, bone loss.   Certain Medical Conditions Some specific medical conditions are associated with bone loss, including: Diabetes mellitus Crohn’s disease Celiac disease Multiple sclerosis   Please consult your doctor if you have any conditions above to see whether your situation might lead to bone loss or osteoporosis. If you take corticosteroids or anti-estrogen drugs, ensure that you take them in indicated amounts and duration.   What Are the Symptoms of Bone Loss? As mentioned earlier, there are often no noticeable symptoms in the early stage of bone loss as it can progress silently. However, once the bones have deteriorated to the point of osteoporosis, you might notice the following symptoms: Back pain due to a fracture Height loss over time A hunched posture   Commonly reported fracture locations due to osteoporosis include the wrist, spine, and hips. If you are prone to bone fracture in the areas above, you might have osteoporosis.   How to Treat Bone Loss Your doctor will make a diagnosis based on your age, sex, and bone density scan results. Whether you need treatment depends on your susceptibility to breaking a bone in the future. Common medications prescribed for osteoporosis treatment include: Bisphosphonates Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) Parathyroid hormone   Other treatment options include: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women after menopause   RELATED: The Wound Healing Effects of BPC-157 Discussed   How to Prevent Bone Loss Although bone loss due to aging is a natural decline that cannot be reversed, the following approaches can help prevent the early onset or slow down bone loss:   Implement a Diet Rich in Vitamin D and Calcium A diet high in vitamin D and calcium can help prevent bone loss and osteoporosis by promoting strong, healthy bones. Most people need at least 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D a day, while people above 70 need up to 800 IU. Although you can get vitamin D from sunlight, this might be insufficient if you spend most of your time indoors. On the other hand, people from 18 to 50 years of age need at least 1,000 milligrams of calcium every day. This amount might go up to 1,200 milligrams when people reach the age of 50. Some best foods for vitamin D and calcium include spinach, kale, soybeans, dairy products,

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Aging

5 Best Anti-aging Foods for Gut Health

The gut microbiome is essential and plays a significant part in aging. As a result, the ingredients you include in your daily meals significantly influence how you age. The following natural anti-aging foods hold the key to a healthy gut, leading to healthier aging. RELATED: Can You Fix Leaky Gut With Diet and Supplements?   5 Top Anti-aging Foods That Hold the Key to a Healthy Gut Fermented Foods Fermented foods are among the most widely chosen probiotics that help improve gut health. They are rich in beneficial bacteria that regulate the digestive system. In addition, some fermented food products, such as sauerkraut, fermented soybean, and cheese, also contain high amounts of polyamines, which can help improve lifespan. According to research, polyamines are the essential components of all living cells. They are synthesized from amino acids, which undergo a process known as fermentation. This explains why fermented food products contain high concentrations of polyamines. Other research has shown that polyamines can prolong life span in many organisms. Specifically, mice fed with high-polyamine food are less susceptible to mortality. Moreover, old mice consuming high polyamine can retain thicker fur and remain more active. The research suggests that a polyamine called spermidine can be a potential preventive agent for protection against aging.   Cruciferous Vegetables High-fiber foods pack a punch in promoting gut health. Fiber provides the good bacteria in your gut with nourishment to maintain a balanced microbiota. Among foods rich in fiber, cruciferous vegetables have recently been found to be an anti-aging food that offers some additional benefits for lifespan. A large-scale study involving nearly 90 thousand participants found that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with lower mortality. Specifically, cruciferous vegetables were linked to lower mortality due to cancer in men and lower mortality due to heart disease and injury in women. The study suggests that cruciferous vegetable consumption might reduce the risk of all-cause mortality.   Nuts and Seeds According to an article by Harvard Medical School, nuts and seeds contain a tremendous amount of fiber essential for gut health. An ounce of nuts has up to 3 grams of fiber. Research by the NCBI shows that fiber, unsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols in nuts can positively affect the gut microbiota composition and overall gut health. In addition to improving gut health, an analysis has found that nuts and seeds are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Furthermore, nutrients contained in nuts can modulate the processes related to cancer, such as reducing tumor initiation or promotion, protecting DNA, and regulating immunologic and inflammatory responses.   Mushrooms Mushrooms can also help improve the digestive system by their effect on the gut microbiota. According to research, mushrooms act as prebiotics to stimulate gut microbiota development, resulting in various health benefits for the host. Further, eating mushrooms can reduce the susceptibility to cognitive decline. According to research, older people who consumed more than two portions of mushrooms weekly, equivalent to 300 grams per week, might have a 50 percent lower chance of developing mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment refers to the stage between the natural decline of aging and the more severe decline of dementia. RELATED: The Wound Healing Effects of BPC-157 Discussed   Olive Oil Some cooking oils can provide substantially more health benefits than others. In particular, olive oil contains many antioxidants and healthy fats. Besides its positive effects on gut microbiota, olive oil can help prevent various heart diseases. According to a review, olive oil can positively modify the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, another study found that those who include more than half a tablespoon of olive oil in daily meals had a 15 percent lower chance of having cardiovascular disease and a 21 percent lower chance of having coronary heart disease.   BPC-157 For Gut Health Above and beyond the natural ingredients mentioned above, using anti-aging supplements for gut health can also be effective. The Peak Human’s BPC-157 Capsules have been proven to protect intestinal organs and prevent leaky gut, stomach ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, gastrointestinal cramps, and inflammatory bowel disease. By maintaining a nutritious diet including the natural ingredients listed above and anti-aging supplements, you can reach your maximum potential age.   If you have questions about anti-aging foods for gut health or any health problems discussed here, connect with us and learn more.  At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, leading to an improved overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. UP NEXT: 5 Key Health Benefits of Fisetin 5 Practical Things to Know About Intermittent Fasting Before You Start Which Vitamin Deficiency Causes Hair Loss

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Hair Loss

Male Pattern Baldness: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

As a form of hair loss, male pattern baldness affects many men and women, leading to a decline in confidence and even quality of life. Despite not causing harm to a person’s overall health, hair loss can substantially impact feelings of attractiveness. This article reviews male pattern baldness, its causes, symptoms, and effective treatment options. RELATED: Chronic Telogen Effluvium Causes & Treatment   Everything You Need to Know About Male Pattern Baldness Male pattern baldness is prevalent among middle-aged men, as more than 50 percent of men have observable signs of this type of hair loss by the age of 50. Firstly, let’s find out how dermatologists describe this condition.   What Is Male Pattern Baldness? Male pattern baldness, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is a form of hair loss characterized by a receding hairline and hair loss on the top of the head. Male pattern baldness is so-called because it follows a pattern that develops in severity over time as measured by the amount of hair loss.   What Causes Male Pattern Baldness? Male pattern baldness is primarily caused by two factors: hormones and genes. Both of these factors drive this type of hair loss.   Hormones Male pattern baldness is driven by a byproduct of testosterone called Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is present in the prostate gland and skin. DHT can shorten the hair cycle’s growth phase. This shortened growth phase occurs in conjunction with follicle shrinking, progressively resulting in fewer and finer hairs. 5-alpha reductase is the enzyme that controls the formation of DHT.   Genes Male pattern baldness might be inherited and can affect both men and women. It is caused when hair follicles are genetically susceptible to the effects of DHT. This oversensitivity causes the hair to become thinner and shorter. It’s important to remember that men with male pattern baldness don’t produce any more testosterone nor its byproduct, DHT, than other men.   What Are the Symptoms of Male Pattern Baldness? Male pattern baldness can be divided into three consecutive stages. The first stage occurs when the hair follicle starts to shrink gradually, leading to the second stage, when hair becomes shorter and thinner. Finally, the follicle can no longer grow new hair, resulting in partial or complete baldness. The hairline is the most visible indication of male pattern baldness. The hairline recedes over time, forming an M shape. As the symptoms become more severe, a circular area at the top of the head gradually thins and expands in size. The hair eventually thins down, sheds, and forms a U shape along the top sides of the head above the temples, with a round bald area on the crown. RELATED: How to Get Healthier Hair: 6 Steps You Need to Follow   How to Treat Male Pattern Baldness Male pattern baldness is not a disease per se and does not affect your lifespan. However, hair loss is associated with significant psychological impacts that affect a person’s confidence, happiness, and even mental health. There is no perfect solution to this condition but there now are some treatments that can significantly help curtail and potentially rejuvenate your hair.   Medications Prescriptions that are widely used to treat male pattern baldness include Minoxidil 4-8% (Rogaine), a topical solution applied directly on the scalp to stimulate the hair follicles. Another medicine is Finasteride (Propecia), an oral pill that inhibits the production of testosterone’s byproducts DHT by blocking the 5-alpha reductase enzyme. Other medications in this family (5 alpha reductase inhibitors) such as Dutasteride(Avodart) are also effective.   Hair Serum At Peak Human, we offer two hair growth products that have been proven to effectively boost healthy hair growth and reduce hair loss. The PTD Hair Serum has been shown to activate the development of new hair follicles within five weeks by activating the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, associated with hair loss due to aging. And our Duo Hair Serum helps to improve the lifespan of hair follicles and reduce hair loss due to zinc deficiency by a combination of GHK-Cu and Zn-thymulin.   Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) +/- Exosomes/Stem Cells Platelet-rich Plasma is a treatment option that involves injecting the patient’s platelets into the scalp to stimulate the healing of the areas with hair loss. You can add exosomes and stem cells to the PRP for an additive effect. In as quick as a few sessions, you can begin to notice that hair loss is reduced. And within 3-6 months, expect to see the new hair follicles growing. Normally, people require regular PRP treatments to maintain the rejuvenation of their hair follicles   Hair Transplant Procedure A hair transplant is a semi-permanent solution for hair loss. This surgical procedure involves relocating healthy hair and its roots from a region of the head where hair grows (back of the head) to an area of bald or balding skin. The procedure might require multiple sessions yet offers long-term results. There are two main techniques – a flap or follicular unit extraction. Hair transplant is very effective and is used in situations where there are little to no hair follicles remaining in the scalp area that has been balded. If you are genetically predisposed to male pattern baldness, current treatment options might not reverse the condition completely. Nevertheless, you can improve your hair follicles by implementing a healthy diet and avoiding chemicals that can harm your hair.   If you have questions about male pattern baldness or any health problems discussed here, connect with us and learn more.  At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, leading to an improved overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. UP NEXT: 5 Key Health Benefits of Fisetin 5 Practical Things to Know

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Portrait of mature man in front of mirror | Can Spermidine Help Slow Down Aging?
Aging

Can Spermidine Help Slow Down Aging?

First isolated in sperm and found naturally in grapefruit and cheese, spermidine may slow down aging and promote a healthier, longer life. Are we a step closer to reverse aging? RELATED: Senolytic Therapies As A Way to Improving Life Span   A Compound in Cheese May Help You Live Longer! What is Spermidine? Spermidine is a polyamine compound found in living tissues and ribosomes that, as the name suggests, was first isolated from semen. Polyamines play a significant role in cell growth, metabolic functions, and cell survival within organisms. Although spermidine levels vary in different organisms and individuals, one common trait is the decline of spermidine as we age.   Anti-Aging Uses of Spermidine Spermidine helps forestall cellular aging and supports longevity by generating autophagy to facilitate the rejuvenation of cells. The word autophagy, from the Greek words “auto” and “phagy,” meaning “self” and “eat,” gives an indication of its activity as self-eating, i.e., to get rid of damaged cells and generate new, healthier ones. Autophagy can be thought of as a cellular recycling system that renews cells, reducing the appearance of aging. Pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, or genetic processes that extend life span require autophagy to be productive.   Research and Benefits As the population ages and age-related diseases rise, healthy aging is more critical than ever. Therefore much research is going into promoting cognitive and brain health in older people. In animal studies, spermidine has been shown to extend longevity and to improve healthspan at multiple levels. In mice, spermidine also suppressed age-related decline in cardiovascular performance, increasing overall longevity by 10%. There is epidemiologic support for the concept that a spermidine-rich diet is linked to increased survival in humans. A randomized placebo controlled 12 month intervention trial is looking at the positive impact spermidine supplementation has on memory performance in older individuals, showed promising results. As well as influencing aging and supporting healthy longevity, research has shown that spermidine has various potential health benefits. Effective against memory loss and other mental health-related conditions Research has suggested that spermidine may prevent hepatocellular carcinoma and liver fibrosis, common causes of liver cancer. Uptake of spermidine also reduces overall cardiovascular mortality.   Foods High in Spermidine There are many dietary sources of spermidine which include grapefruit, mushrooms, legumes, mature cheese, soy products, whole grain, corn, green peppers, peas, chickpeas, oranges, green tea, broccoli, and rice bran. The Mediterranean diet contains many foods rich in spermidine. To get enough spermidine in your diet, it can be taken in supplement form, which is identical to the naturally occurring compound. Peak Human has formulated its Fasting Pro supplement with 10mg of spermidine – more that 400% the amount in similar supplements. Fasting Pro also combines eleven more autophagy-catalyzing ingredients to maximize cellular regeneration and hack your cellular age. To shop Peak Human’s Fasting Pro – click here. For more information about supplements and to help you determine which are best for increasing mental health, speak to a healthcare provider.   If you have questions about spermidine or any of the conditions discussed here, connect with us and learn more. At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, leading to an improved overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. Up Next: How to Measure Your Immunological Age and Prevent Disease Carnosine – miracle supplement? DNA Genetic Testing – Worth it?

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Hair Loss

Does Diabetes Cause Hair Loss?

Hair loss can be a symptom that indicates other health problems yet tends to be ignored. Diabetes, a condition that characterizes excess blood sugar, has been associated with hair loss. This article reviews diabetes and hair loss and gives an explanation of how diabetes can cause hair loss. RELATED: Which Vitamin Deficiency Causes Hair Loss   Learn About Diabetes and Its Role in Hair Loss Diabetes and hair loss are the two common health conditions that affect many people. Learning about diabetes and how it affects hair loss can help find appropriate treatments in the long run.   Understanding Diabetes and Hair Loss Although losing hair is expected, as hair falls when it reaches its final stage of the growth cycle, excessive hair loss that causes hairs to fall in patches is an indicator of a health problem. Besides other common causes of hair loss, such as changes in hormones or stress, diabetes might be another factor that affects the normal hair growth cycle, leading to excess hair loss. The average hair growth cycle includes three phases: anagen, catagen, and telogen. These phases are characterized by the time when hair protrudes from the hair follicles until it is shed. When the hair reaches the telogen phase, it ends its cycle and falls from the scalp. Nevertheless, any disruption to the hair growth cycle might cause hair to fall ahead of time or at a greater rate than usual. Diabetes is a health condition characterized by the failure of the body to use insulin effectively, resulting in excessive blood sugar. Nutrients from food consumption are broken down into sugar and released into the bloodstream. The blood sugar is then transferred into the body’s cells by insulin as energy. Individuals who cannot produce sufficient insulin nor use insulin effectively accumulate excessive blood sugar in the bloodstream, consequently contracting diabetes.   Can Diabetes Cause Hair Loss? Diabetes can cause hair loss due to poor oxygen and nutrient circulation to maintain a normal hair growth cycle. As mentioned above, diabetes causes sugar to build up at an excess level in the bloodstream. This excessive sugar subsequently damages various organs in the body, including the blood vessels. This vascular impairment leads to poor oxygen and nutrient circulation. According to research on hair loss involving over 5000 women, type 2 diabetes was associated with susceptibility to central-scalp hair loss in black women. Further, there were 850 cases of severe hair loss reported in the follow-up period. The research concluded that individuals with type 2 diabetes should be strictly supervised so that doctors can offer optimal treatments for central-scalp hair loss. Besides hair loss, diabetes can also cause hair thinning, fragility, sparsity, or a slower hair growth rate due to the disrupted hair cycle. The amount of hair loss depends on the level of oxygen and nutrient insufficiency. Nonetheless, although diabetes can damage the hair follicles and causes the hair to fall, the disease does not eliminate hair growth. The hair follicles that have shed hair previously can still grow new hair, yet at a slower rate.   Treatments for Hair Loss From Diabetes Managing Blood Sugar The most radical approach to treating hair loss due to diabetes is managing your blood sugars at an average level. If your blood sugar level is less than 140 mg/dL (milligrams per deciliter), it means your blood sugar is regular. On the other hand, if it is over 200 mg/dL, it indicates diabetes. Because too much blood sugar is associated with inadequate oxygen and nutrients for the regular hair growth cycle to occur, controlling your blood sugar can eliminate excess hair loss.   Medications Several medications can help with hair loss due to diabetes. Minoxidil (Rogaine) is a topical drug that can be applied directly on the scalp and areas where hair loss occurs. Both males and females can be prescribed minoxidil. Another medication to treat hair loss is oral finasteride (Propecia). However, finasteride has not been approved for female use. Please consult your doctor before using any medications above to receive the maximum benefits and avoid any side effects. RELATED: Chronic Telogen Effluvium Causes & Treatment   How Do You Prevent Hair Loss From Diabetes? Changes in Diet Eating a balanced diet can also help with managing diabetes and preventing hair loss. Foods that you can incorporate into your diet include those rich in iron, zinc, biotin, vitamin D, and fiber. You can also use supplements under medical supervision to make up for the nutrient deficiencies if food intake alone cannot provide you with sufficient nutrients. Please consult your doctor for a comprehensive medical exam to determine whether you have any deficiencies.   Lifestyle Modifications While exercise may not prevent hair loss, it can improve the body’s blood circulation, leading to a normal hair growth cycle. Regular exercise can enhance blood flow to various body regions, including hair follicles. It can also aid in managing blood sugar levels by burning blood sugar to provide the body with energy. The amount and level of exercise depend on each individual, so ensure that you work out appropriately. Hair loss can be distressing, especially when you experience it with another health condition. However, please remember that you can stop, reverse, and even prevent the symptoms of diabetes, including hair loss, by medications, diet, and lifestyle modifications.   If you have questions about diabetes and hair loss or any health problems discussed here, connect with us and learn more.  At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, leading to an improved overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. UP NEXT: What Is the Role of GHK-Cu to Keeping Healthy Skin & Hair? How To Get Healthier Hair: 6

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Aging

Learn How Cellular Autophagy Slows Down The Aging Process

As we age, our bodies are no longer effective at managing dysfunctional cells, contributing to weakened immune systems and aging processes. Researchers are exploring a cellular state known as cellular senescence to determine its role in aging. Please read this article to learn more about cellular senescence and aging. RELATED: 3 Proven Ways to Reverse Biological Age by Three Years   Learn How Cellular Senescence Affects the Aging Process What Is Cellular Senescence? Cellular senescence is a cellular program in which damaged cells resist removal by apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death, and harm to nearby healthy cells. Cellular senescence is triggered by developmental signals or various kinds of stress. Cells may respond to such trigger factors by inducing repair, cell death, or senescence, depending on the factors’ type and intensity. As cells play an essential role in all living organs in the human body, cellular senescence has been associated with many age-related diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, dementia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Cellular senescence can also slow down tissue repair and regeneration, contributing to tissue and organismal aging.   What Are the Senescent Cells? Senescent cells are damaged cells due to disease, injury, and other stress factors that the immune systems cannot remove through apoptosis. Senescent cells remain in the body, build up, and release a complex mixture of secreted factors called Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) that can damage neighboring healthy cells. The SASP is responsible for various beneficial and detrimental cell activities, such as wound healing, tissue repair, and tumor progression. During the aging process, senescent cells can release SASP, harming nearby healthy cells. One significant detrimental effect of the SASP is that it suppresses cancer’s immune system. In addition, the SASP can stimulate the formation of tumors by promoting tumor growth. The quantity of senescent cells and their SASP in the human body grows with age. The immune system deteriorates due to aging and subsequently fails to clear the dead or damaged cells. On this account, scientists have proposed a widely-accepted hypothesis that removing senescent cells can reduce age-related tissue dysfunction and extend lifespan.   What Is the Role of Cellular Senescence in Aging? Aging has long been a normal process that starts in early adulthood and progresses through time. Although the mechanisms of aging are complex and not fully understood, many scientists believe that cellular damage is to blame. In other words, cellular senescence can drive the aging process in response to cellular damage. Further, cellular senescence has also been associated with various age-related diseases. This hypothesis has led to a variety of research that further investigates cellular senescence and the mechanisms by which the body can remove senescent cells to manage age-related diseases and even reverse aging. These mechanisms include employing the immune system and using senolytics. RELATED: What Is TA-65 and How Does It Affect Aging?   How Does the Body Remove Senescent Cells? The human immune system is a critical defense mechanism protecting the body from outside invaders. Thanks to this function of the immune system, the human body can eliminate harmful senescent cells by employing its immune cells to detect and remove them. These immune cells serve as a surveillance system in a healthy body, removing cells that the body sees as foreign, including senescent cells. Further, scientists have discovered that using senolytics, a class of medication that recognizes and removes the senescent cells without affecting the healthy non-senescent cells, can effectively delay, prevent, or treat age-related diseases and potentially reverse aging. This type of treatment can work in conjunction with the immune system’s natural elimination of senescent cells. In conclusion, cellular damage induced by cellular senescence might cause aging. Senescence can be addressed by enhancing the immune system or using senolytics to treat age-related diseases and reverse aging.   If you have questions about cellular senescence or any health problems discussed here, connect with us and learn more.  At Peak Human, our team of healthcare professionals is dedicated to helping you reach your ‘peak’ health with a custom whole-person approach. Using the most cutting-edge, science-backed biohacking and aesthetic tools, technologies, and treatments available today, we help you achieve the highest physical/cognitive performance state, leading to an improved overall quality of life. For questions or to book an appointment, don’t hesitate to contact us. Get personalized support and insight from expert physicians. UP NEXT: 5 Key Health Benefits of Fisetin 5 Practical Things to Know About Intermittent Fasting Before You Start Which Vitamin Deficiency Causes Hair Loss

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